Njira yaikulu yoyeretsera madzi oipa ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zaumisiri kulekanitsa, kuchotsa ndi kukonzanso zowononga zomwe zili m’chimbudzi ndi madzi oipa, kapena kuzisintha kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto kuti ziyeretse madziwo.
Pali njira zambiri zochizira zimbudzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi, omwe ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe, chithandizo chamankhwala, mankhwala ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe.
1. Chithandizo chachilengedwe
Kupyolera mu kagayidwe ka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zowononga organic monga njira zothetsera, colloids ndi kuyimitsidwa kwabwino m'madzi onyansa zimasinthidwa kukhala zinthu zokhazikika komanso zopanda vuto. Malinga ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, chithandizo chachilengedwe chikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: aerobic biological treatment ndi anaerobic biological treatment.
The aerobic biological treatment njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiritsa madzi oipa. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, njira ya aerobic biological treatment imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: njira ya sludge yoyendetsedwa ndi biofilm. Adamulowetsa sludge ndondomeko palokha ndi mankhwala unit, ali zosiyanasiyana ntchito modes. Zida zochizira za njira ya biofilm zikuphatikizapo biofilter, biological turntable, biological contact oxidation tank ndi biological fluidized bed, etc. Njira ya biological oxidation dziwe imatchedwanso njira yachilengedwe yothandizira zachilengedwe. Anaerobic biological treatment, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti biological reduction treatment, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza madzi otayira a organic ndi matope.
2. Chithandizo chakuthupi
Njira zolekanitsira ndikubwezeretsanso zoyipitsidwa zosasunthika (kuphatikiza filimu yamafuta ndi madontho amafuta) m'madzi onyansa ndikuchitapo kanthu zitha kugawidwa m'njira yolekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, njira yolekanitsa ya centrifugal ndi njira yosungira sieve. Magawo ochiritsira omwe ali a njira yolekanitsa mphamvu yokoka amaphatikizapo kusungunuka, kuyandama (kuyandama kwa mpweya), ndi zina zotero, ndi zipangizo zothandizira zothandizira ndi chipinda cha grit, tank sedimentation, msampha wamafuta, tank air flotation ndi zipangizo zake zothandizira, etc.; centrifugal kulekana palokha ndi mtundu wa mankhwala unit, zipangizo processing ntchito monga centrifuge ndi hydrocyclone, etc.; njira yosungira chinsalu ili ndi magawo awiri opangira: kusungitsa skrini ya gridi ndi kusefera. Zakale zimagwiritsa ntchito ma grids ndi zowonetsera, pamene zotsirizirazo zimagwiritsa ntchito mchenga Zosefera ndi zosefera zazing'ono, etc. Njira yochiritsira yochokera pa mfundo ya kusinthana kwa kutentha ndi njira yochiritsira thupi, ndipo zigawo zake zothandizira zimaphatikizapo evaporation ndi crystallization.
3. Chithandizo chamankhwala
Njira yoyeretsera madzi onyansa yomwe imalekanitsa ndikuchotsa zonyansa zosungunuka ndi colloidal m'madzi onyansa kapena kuwasandutsa zinthu zopanda vuto pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kusamutsa kwakukulu. Mu njira ya mankhwala mankhwala, mayunitsi processing zochokera mankhwala anachita dosing ndi: coagulation, neutralization, redox, etc.; pamene mayunitsi processing zochokera kutengerapo misa ndi: m'zigawo, kuvula, kuvula , adsorption, ion kuwombola, electrodialysis ndi n'zosiyana osmosis, etc. Yotsirizira awiri mayunitsi processing pamodzi amatchedwa nembanemba kulekana luso. Pakati pawo, gawo lochizira lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kutengerapo misa lili ndi zochita zamankhwala komanso zokhudzana ndi thupi, kotero zimathanso kupatulidwa ndi njira yochizira mankhwala ndikukhala njira yamtundu wina wamankhwala, yotchedwa njira yamankhwala.
chithunzi
Njira yodziwika bwino yachimbudzi
1. Kuchepetsa madzi oipa
Zizindikiro za kuipitsidwa monga mafuta okhutira, CODcr ndi BOD5 mumadzi otayira amadzimadzi ndizokwera kwambiri. Njira zothandizira zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa asidi, centrifugation kapena zosungunulira. The asidi m'zigawo njira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera H2SO4 kusintha pH mtengo 3-4 kwa demulsification, nthunzi ndi kusonkhezera ndi mchere, ndi kuyimirira pa 45-60 t kwa 2-4 h, mafuta pang'onopang'ono kuyandama kuti apange mafuta. wosanjikiza. Kuchira kwa mafuta kumatha kufika 96%, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa CODcr ndikoposa 92%. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'malo olowera m'madzi ndi 8-10g/L, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'malo otulutsira madzi kumakhala kosakwana 0.1 g/L. Mafuta opezekanso amakonzedwanso ndikusinthidwa kukhala mafuta osakanikirana omwe amatha kupanga sopo.
2. Kupaka ndi kuchotsa tsitsi madzi oipa
Madzi otayira ndi kuchotsa tsitsi ali ndi mapuloteni, laimu, sodium sulfide, zolimba zoyimitsidwa, 28% ya CODcr yonse, 92% ya S2-, ndi 75% ya SS yonse. Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo acidization, mpweya wamankhwala ndi okosijeni.
Njira ya acidification nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Pansi pa kupsinjika koyipa, onjezani H2SO4 kuti musinthe pH kukhala 4-4.5, pangani mpweya wa H2S, kuyamwa ndi yankho la NaOH, ndikupanga alkali wopangidwa ndi sulfure kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito. Mapuloteni osungunuka omwe amalowa m'madzi onyansa amasefedwa, kutsukidwa, ndi kuwumitsa. kukhala mankhwala. Mlingo wochotsa sulfide ukhoza kufika kuposa 90%, ndipo CODcr ndi SS zimachepetsedwa ndi 85% ndi 95% motsatana. Mtengo wake ndi wochepa, ntchito yopanga ndi yosavuta, yosavuta kuwongolera, ndipo nthawi yopanga imafupikitsidwa.
3. Madzi akuwonongeka kwa Chrome
Choipitsa chachikulu chamadzi onyansa otenthetsera ma chrome ndi heavy metal Cr3+, kuchuluka kwake ndi pafupifupi 3-4g/L, ndipo pH yamtengo wapatali imakhala acidic pang'ono. Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo mpweya wa alkali ndi kubwezeretsanso mwachindunji. 90% ya zikopa zapakhomo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mpweya wa alkali, kuwonjezera laimu, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, etc. kuwononga madzi a chromium, kuchitapo kanthu komanso kutaya madzi m'thupi kuti apeze matope okhala ndi chromium, omwe angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pakuwotcha pambuyo posungunuka mu sulfuric acid. .
Panthawiyi, pH mtengo ndi 8.2-8.5, ndipo mvula imakhala yabwino pa 40 ° C. Alkali precipitant ndi magnesium oxide, kuchira kwa chromium ndi 99%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chromium m'madzi otayira kumakhala kosakwana 1 mg/L. Komabe, njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa zikopa zazikulu, ndipo zonyansa monga mafuta osungunuka ndi mapuloteni mumatope obwezerezedwanso a chrome zimakhudzanso kufufuta.
4. Kutaya madzi okwanira
4.1. Dongosolo la Pretreatment: Imaphatikizanso malo ochitira chithandizo monga ma grille, thanki yowongolera, thanki yothirira madzi ndi thanki yoyandama mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa organic matter ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa m'madzi otayira zikopa ndizokwera. Dongosolo la pretreatment limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi; chotsani SS ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa; kuchepetsa mbali ya katundu woipitsa ndi kupanga zinthu zabwino zotsatizana ndi mankhwala kwachilengedwenso.
4.2. Njira yochiritsira zachilengedwe: ρ(CODcr) yamadzi otayidwa opangidwa ndi zikopa nthawi zambiri amakhala 3000-4000 mg/L, ρ(BOD5) ndi 1000-2000mg/L, omwe amakhala m'madzi owonongeka achilengedwe, m(BOD5)/m(CODcr) mtengo Ndi 0.3-0.6, yomwe ili yoyenera chithandizo chachilengedwe. Pakalipano, dzenje la okosijeni, SBR ndi biological contact oxidation amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China, pamene jet aeration, batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), bedi lamadzimadzi ndi upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB).
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-17-2023
