Njira yofufuta zikopandi gawo lofunika kwambiri posintha zikopa za nyama kukhala zolimba, zokhalitsa zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira zovala ndi nsapato kupita ku mipando ndi zina.Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira mtundu wa chikopa chomalizidwa.Kumvetsetsa zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yowotchera ndikofunikira kwa aliyense amene akugwira ntchito yopanga zikopa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta zikopa ndi chikopa cha nyama.Zikopazo nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku nyama monga ng'ombe, nkhosa, mbuzi, ndi nkhumba, zomwe zimaweta nyama zawo ndi zina.Ubwino wa zikopazo umatengera zinthu monga mtundu wa nyamayo, zaka zake, ndi mmene zinakulira.Zikopa zokhala ndi zilema zocheperako komanso zonenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakonda kupanga zikopa.
Kuphatikiza pa zikopa za nyama, opanga zikopa amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kuti athandizire kutenthetsa.Chimodzi mwazinthu zowotchera zikopa ndi tannin, mankhwala opangidwa mwachilengedwe a polyphenolic omwe amapezeka muzomera monga oak, chestnut, ndi quebracho.Tannin amadziwika kuti amatha kumangirira ulusi wa collagen mu chikopa cha nyama, kupatsa chikopa mphamvu, kusinthasintha, komanso kukana kuwonongeka.Mafakitole a tanneries amatha kupeza tannin powachotsa kuzinthu zosaphika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito matannin omwe amapezeka pamalonda.
Chinthu chinanso chodziwika bwino chofufutira ndi mchere wa chromium, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zikopa zamakono.Kutentha kwa chromium kumadziwika chifukwa cha liwiro komanso mphamvu zake, komanso kutulutsa zikopa zofewa, zowoneka bwino zosunga bwino mitundu.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chromium pakuwotcha kwadzetsa nkhawa zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa zinyalala zapoizoni komanso kuipitsa.Ma Tanneries akuyenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima ndi machitidwe abwino kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chromium.
Zinthu zina zamakemikolo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuta ndi monga ma asidi, maziko, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofufutira.Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchotsa tsitsi ndi mnofu pazikopa, kusintha pH ya njira yotenthetsera khungu, ndikuthandizira kumangirira kwa tannins kapena chromium ku ulusi wa kolajeni.Ma Tanneries ayenera kusamalira mankhwalawa mosamala kuti awonetsetse chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zazikuluzikulu zowotcha, opaka zikopa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kuti akwaniritse zinthu zinazake kapena kumaliza pachikopa.Izi zingaphatikizepo utoto ndi utoto wopaka utoto, mafuta ndi phula zofewa ndi kukana madzi, ndi zomalizitsa monga ma resin ndi ma polima a kapangidwe ndi kuwala.Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo zothandizira kumadalira makhalidwe omwe amafunidwa a chikopa chomalizidwa, kaya ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri kapena chinthu chakunja chakunja.
Kusankha ndi kuphatikiza zipangizo zowotchera zikopa ndi njira yovuta komanso yapadera yomwe imafuna kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa chemistry, biology, ndi sayansi ya zinthu.Ma Tanneries akuyenera kulinganiza zinthu monga mtengo, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kutsata malamulo pomwe akuyesetsa kupanga zikopa zapamwamba zomwe zimakwaniritsa zomwe msika ukufunikira.
Pamene kuzindikira kwa ogula pa nkhani za chilengedwe ndi makhalidwe kukukulirakulira, pali chidwi chowonjezereka cha machitidwe otenthetsera zachilengedwe komanso osasunthika.Makampani ena amafufuza zinthu zina zowotchera zikopa zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, monga makungwa ndi zipatso, komanso umisiri watsopano monga kufufuta ma enzymatic ndi masamba.Zoyesererazi zikufuna kuchepetsa kudalira mankhwala komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe pakupanga zikopa.
Ponseponse, zopangira zowotchera zikopa ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zamitundumitundu, zomwe zikuwonetsa mbiri yakale komanso luso lomwe likuchitika pamsika wa zikopa.Pomvetsetsa ndikusamalira mosamala zinthu zopangira izi, opanga zikopa amatha kupitiliza kupanga zikopa zapamwamba zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za ogula pomwe akulimbana ndi zovuta zokhazikika komanso kuyang'anira chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-14-2024
